/* Reset and Base Styles */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Source Sans Pro', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.6;
    color: #2d3748;
    background-color: #f7fafc;
}

.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

/* Typography */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.3;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

h1 { font-size: 2.5rem; }
h2 { font-size: 2rem; }
h3 { font-size: 1.5rem; }
h4 { font-size: 1.25rem; }

p {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

/* Header */
.header {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    position: fixed;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.header-content {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 1rem 0;
}

.logo-section h1 {
    color: #1a365d;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
}

.logo-section p {
    color: #4a5568;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-style: italic;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.nav ul {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.nav a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: #4a5568;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
}

.nav a:hover {
    color: #0f4c8a;
}

.nav a::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    bottom: -5px;
    left: 0;
    background: #0f4c8a;
    transition: width 0.3s ease;
}

.nav a:hover::after {
    width: 100%;
}

.mobile-menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    flex-direction: column;
    cursor: pointer;
    gap: 4px;
}

.mobile-menu-toggle span {
    width: 25px;
    height: 3px;
    background: #1a365d;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
    padding: 8rem 0 4rem;
    margin-top: 80px;
}

.hero-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr;
    gap: 4rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.hero-image {
    position: relative;
}

.hero-image img {
    width: 280px;
    height: 320px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.hero-image img:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
}

.hero-text h2 {
    color: #1a365d;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.hero-text p {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #4a5568;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.hero-text .affiliation {
    color: #0f4c8a;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-style: italic;
}

.hero-buttons {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

/* Buttons */
.btn {
    padding: 0.75rem 2rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    border: 2px solid transparent;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.btn-primary {
    background: #0f4c8a;
    color: white;
    border-color: #0f4c8a;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background: #1a365d;
    border-color: #1a365d;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(15, 76, 138, 0.3);
}

.btn-secondary {
    background: transparent;
    color: #0f4c8a;
    border-color: #0f4c8a;
}

.btn-secondary:hover {
    background: #0f4c8a;
    color: white;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 5px 15px rgba(15, 76, 138, 0.2);
}

/* Sections */
.section {
    padding: 4rem 0;
}

.section:nth-child(even) {
    background: white;
}

.section-title {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: 700;
    position: relative;
}

.section-title::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -10px;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    width: 60px;
    height: 4px;
    background: #0f4c8a;
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Research Section */
/* NEW CODE - 2x3 GRID LAYOUT */
.research-grid {
      display: grid;
      grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
      grid-template-rows: repeat(2, auto);
      gap: 2rem;
      margin-bottom: 4rem;
  }

  /* Force specific grid positions */
  .research-card:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 1;
  } /* New Book */
  .research-card:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 1;
  } /* Forthcoming Book */
  .research-card:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 1;
  } /* Ongoing Research I */
  .research-card:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 1; grid-row: 2;
  } /* Ongoing Research II */
  .research-card:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 2; grid-row: 2;
  } /* Ongoing Research III */
  .research-card:nth-child(6) { grid-column: 3; grid-row: 2;
  } /* Collaborators */

  /* Responsive: 2 columns on tablets */
  @media (max-width: 1024px) {
      .research-grid {
          grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
          grid-template-rows: repeat(3, auto);
      }

      .research-card:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   1; }
      .research-card:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 2; grid-row:
   1; }
      .research-card:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   2; }
      .research-card:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 2; grid-row:
   2; }
      .research-card:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   3; }
      .research-card:nth-child(6) { grid-column: 2; grid-row:
   3; }
  }

  /* Responsive: 1 column on mobile */
  @media (max-width: 768px) {
      .research-grid {
          grid-template-columns: 1fr;
          grid-template-rows: auto;
      }

      /* Reset all positioning for mobile */
      .research-card:nth-child(1) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   1; }
      .research-card:nth-child(2) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   2; }
      .research-card:nth-child(3) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   3; }
      .research-card:nth-child(4) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   4; }
      .research-card:nth-child(5) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   5; }
      .research-card:nth-child(6) { grid-column: 1; grid-row:
   6; }
  }

.research-card {
    background: white;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.research-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}

.research-card.featured {
    border-left: 4px solid #0f4c8a;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
}

.card-icon {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.research-card h3 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.research-card h4 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.research-card p {
    color: #4a5568;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.card-footer {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.tag {
    background: #e2e8f0;
    color: #1a365d;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.status {
    background: #d1fae5;
    color: #047857;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Research Areas */
.research-areas {
    margin-top: 3rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
}

.research-areas h3 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.areas-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.area-item {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: #f8fafc;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.area-item:hover {
    background: #e2e8f0;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.area-item h4 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.area-item p {
    color: #64748b;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Publications Section */
.publications-section {
    background: white;
}

.publications-filter {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.filter-btn {
    padding: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
    border: 2px solid #e2e8f0;
    background: white;
    color: #4a5568;
    border-radius: 25px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.filter-btn:hover,
.filter-btn.active {
    background: #0f4c8a;
    color: white;
    border-color: #0f4c8a;
}

.publications-list {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.publication-item {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    background: #f8fafc;
    border-radius: 8px;
    border-left: 3px solid #0f4c8a;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.publication-item:hover {
    background: white;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.pub-year {
    color: #0f4c8a;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    min-width: 60px;
}

.pub-content h4 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
}

.pub-details {
    color: #4a5568;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.journal {
    color: #0f4c8a;
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.publisher {
    color: #047857;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.doi-link {
    color: #0f4c8a;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-left: 1rem;
}

.doi-link:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.publications-cta {
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 3rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

/* Media Section */
.media-section {
    background: #f8fafc;
}

.media-featured {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.featured-media {
    background: white;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 5px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    text-align: center;
    border: 2px solid #0f4c8a;
}

.media-type {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 15px;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 1px;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.media-type.podcast {
    background: #fef3c7;
    color: #92400e;
}

.media-type.op-ed {
    background: #dbeafe;
    color: #1e40af;
}

.media-type.analysis {
    background: #f3e8ff;
    color: #7c3aed;
}

.media-type.commentary {
    background: #ecfdf5;
    color: #059669;
}

.featured-media h3 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.media-date {
    color: #64748b;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-style: italic;
}

.media-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.media-item {
    background: white;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: 0 3px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.media-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
}

.media-item h4 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.outlet {
    color: #0f4c8a;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.media-outlets {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.media-outlets h4 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.outlets-list {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.outlet-tag {
    background: #e2e8f0;
    color: #1a365d;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.media-cta {
    text-align: center;
}

/* Teaching Section */
.teaching-section {
    background: white;
}

.teaching-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(400px, 1fr));
    gap: 3rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.teaching-card {
    background: #f8fafc;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    border-radius: 12px;
    border-left: 4px solid #0f4c8a;
}

.teaching-card h3 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.teaching-card ul {
    margin-left: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.teaching-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: #4a5568;
}

.teaching-note {
    color: #64748b;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.speaking-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.speaking-item {
    padding: 1rem;
    background: white;
    border-radius: 6px;
    border-left: 3px solid #10b981;
}

.speaking-item strong {
    color: #1a365d;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.speaking-item span {
    color: #64748b;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.expertise-areas {
    text-align: center;
}

.expertise-areas h3 {
    color: #1a365d;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.topics-grid {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.topic-tag {
    background: #0f4c8a;
    color: white;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

/* Footer */
.footer {
    background: #1a365d;
    color: white;
    padding: 3rem 0 1rem;
}

.footer-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Update the responsive breakpoint for tablets */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

/* Keep mobile as single column */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }
}

.footer-section h4 {
    color: white;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.contact-info p {
    color: #a0aec0;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.email a {
    color: #90cdf4;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.email a:hover {
    color: white;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.social-links,
.quick-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.social-links a,
.quick-links a {
    color: #a0aec0;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.3s ease;
}

.social-links a:hover,
.quick-links a:hover {
    color: white;
}

.footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid #4a5568;
    padding-top: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
    color: #a0aec0;
}

.footer-bottom p {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.last-updated {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #64748b;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .container {
        padding: 0 15px;
    }
    
    .header-content {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .nav ul {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .mobile-menu-toggle {
        display: flex;
    }
    
    .hero {
        padding: 6rem 0 3rem;
    }
    
    .hero-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    .hero-image {
        margin: 0 auto;
    }
    
    .hero-text h2 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .hero-buttons {
        justify-content: center;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    
    .areas-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .publication-item {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .pub-year {
        min-width: auto;
    }
    
    .media-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .teaching-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .social-links,
    .quick-links {
        align-items: center;
    }
    
    .outlets-list {
        justify-content: center;
    }
    
    .topics-grid {
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

/* Smooth Animations */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.research-card,
.publication-item,
.media-item {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease forwards;
}

/* Focus States for Accessibility */
.btn:focus,
.nav a:focus,
.filter-btn:focus {
    outline: 2px solid #0f4c8a;
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Print Styles */
@media print {
    .header,
    .footer,
    .btn {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .hero {
        margin-top: 0;
        padding: 2rem 0;
    }
    
    .section {
        padding: 1.5rem 0;
    }
}

/* High Contrast Mode */
@media (prefers-contrast: high) {
    .research-card,
    .publication-item,
    .media-item {
        border: 2px solid #1a365d;
    }
    
    .btn-secondary {
        background: #1a365d;
        color: white;
    }
}

/* Collaborators styling */
  .collaborators-list {
      display: flex;
      flex-direction: column;
      gap: 1rem;
      margin-top: 1rem;
  }

  .collaborator {
      padding: 1rem;
      background: #f8fafc;
      border-radius: 6px;
      border-left: 3px solid #0f4c8a;
  }

  .collaborator strong {
      color: #1a365d;
      font-size: 1rem;
  }

  .collaborator small {
      color: #64748b;
      font-style: italic;
  }

  .collab-link {
      color: #0f4c8a;
      text-decoration: none;
      font-size: 0.85rem;
      font-weight: 500;
  }

  .collab-link:hover {
      text-decoration: underline;
  }

  /* Adjust card footer for collaborators */
  .research-card .collaborators-list {
      margin-bottom: -1rem;
  }